• In 1927, MATHESON Gas Products became the first company to offer a reliable source of high quality scientific gases and equipment. From the start, MATHESON asserted its leadership by understanding specialty gas applications and providing products specially designed for these applications. Some of MATHESON's more notable accomplishments include the development of the lecture bottle, now used by virtually every major college and university in the world, and the supply of ultra pure gases that served as standards for the first gas chromatographs.
• In 1966, Matheson acquired Grey Chemical of Gloucester, Massachusetts, USA, a producer of ultra-pure gas materials used in electronics manufacturing.
• In 1981, Matheson became the first commercial producer of silane, for which it was awarded a "Semi" Award by the Semiconductor Equipment and Materials Institute.
• In 1989, Matheson Gas Products was purchased by Nippon Sanso Corporation (Tokyo, Japan). Nippon Sanso later (1992) purchased Tri-Gas of Irving, Texas, USA.
• In 1999, MATHESON Gas Products merged with Tri-Gas, Inc., to form Matheson Tri-Gas, Inc. This merger combined the analytical and semiconductor strengths of MATHESON Gas Products with the liquid/bulk and industrial cylinder and equipment capabilities of Tri-Gas.
• 2004 - 2009, Nippon Sanso merged with Taiyo Toyo Sanso Corporation to form Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corporation. Significant expansion in the industrial sector occurred between 2004 and 2009. Matheson acquired six additional air separation units in 2004. It then acquired Linweld (Nebraska) in 2006. Also, the Global Helium business was formed in 2006 - a global producer and provider of liquid and gas phase helium. Polar Cryogenics (Oregon) in 2007, Five Star Gas and Gear (California) in 2008, AERIS (California) in 2008, Advanced Gas Technologies (Pennsylvania) in 2008, Valley National Gases (Ohio) in 2009, and ETOX (Texas) in 2009.
• In 2010, Matheson acquired Western International Gas & Cylinders, Inc. of Texas, USA, the largest acetylene wholesaler in the world, and manufacturer of cylinders, valves, and related handling equipment. Matheson Tri-Gas, Inc. changed its logo and public name to "MATHESON". The name of the legal entity remained "Matheson Tri-Gas, Inc."
• In 2013, Matheson acquired Continental Carbonic Products Inc., an Illinois-based manufacturer and supplier of dry ice and liquid carbon dioxide operating 31 branch locations and eight production facilities.
• In 2015, Matheson continued its expansion in Southern California and Hawaii with the acquisition of Sims Welding Supply and assets and operations of Air Liquide America LP, respectively.
• In 2016, MATHESON added 18 air separation units (ASUs), four CO2 plants, and two nitrous oxide plants.
• In 2017, a full line of industrial safety products was added to the MATHESON portfolio.
• In 2019, MATHESON added HyCO (hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and syngas) operations.
• In 2020, after Mitsubishi Chemical Company acquired a controlling interest in Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corporation, Matheson was reorganized as part of Nippon Sanso Holdings Corporation.
• In 2026, Matheson changed the company name from "MATHESON" to "Nippon Sanso Matheson Inc." and the company logo name to "NIPPON SANSO".

The company footprint in the USA includes forty air separation units, six helium transfills, three acetylene plants, two nitrous oxide plants, twelve carbon dioxide plants, and over 300 retail facilities, depots, fill plants, and manufacturing sites.